A beech tree at Abinger Roughs — There are some ancient specimen trees to discover at Abinger Roughs | © National Trust Images/Robert Morris

Surrey

Abinger Roughs tree trail

Follow this waymarked trail to learn more about the wide variety of trees at Abinger Roughs, an area of woodland where you can see a range of specimen trees and enjoy views over the North Downs and the Tillingbourne Valley.

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Total steps: 16

Start point

National Trust car park, White Downs Lane, Abinger Hammer, RH5 6QS, grid ref: TQ110480

Step 1

Leave the car park taking the path that is directly opposite the entrance and enter the woodland.

Step 2

Walk forwards through the trees and you will notice a path coming in from the right.

Common beech (Fagus sylvatica)

This tree forms reddish brown, slim leaf buds in the early spring, with a distinctive criss-cross pattern, later forming lime green leaves with silky hairs. These darken and lose the hairs as they mature. They are 4–9cm long, oval in shape with a wavy edge and a pointy tip. In autumn beech nuts (known as beech mast) appear enclosed in a hard, prickly, four lobed case which open to create 'fairies bonnets'.

Step 3

Head further along the main path towards an opening and at the fork, take the wide grassy path to the left, ignoring a small path to the right. Walk through the more open area along the main path. As you go slightly downhill, there are more trees growing closer to the path. On your left you will see a very large veteran beech tree, with an information panel.

Veteran beech tree at Abinger Roughs, Surrey, known as the witches' broom tree — The witches' broom tree is a special tree in Abinger Roughs | © National Trust Images / Rob Hewer

Step 4

Leaving the veteran beech, head down to the path and after 11yd (10m), turn left and you will be standing amongst some oak trees.

English oak (Quercus robur)

Oak trees support more life forms than any other native tree. They host hundreds of insect species, which are an important food source for many birds. In autumn mammals such as badgers and deer take advantage of the falling acorns. In spring orange-brown buds cluster on twigs, which burst into leaf in mid-May, producing bunches of shortish leaves with four or five deep lobes and smooth edges. In autumn acorns are borne on lengthy stalks within cupules (the cup-shaped base of the acorn). As it ripens, the green acorn becomes brown, loosens from the cupule and falls to the canopy below. Acorns are not produced until the tree is at least 40 years old.

Step 5

From the oaks carry on along the main path, crossing a farm track and then walking up a small slope. At the top you will see the large holly bushes.

Common holly (Ilex aquifolium)

An evergreen tree that can live to 300 years, holly provides dense cover and good nesting sites for birds. Its deep, dry leaf litter can also be used for hibernation by hedgehogs and other small mammals. The leaves are dark green, glossy and oval. Only the lower leaves are prickly; higher up they are smooth. This is a defence mechanism to stop leaves being eaten by animals. Once pollinated by insects, female flowers develop into scarlet red berries, which can persist throughout winter. They are a vital source of food for birds and small mammals such as wood mice and dormice. The mistle thrush is known for vigorously guarding the berries of holly in winter, to prevent other birds from eating them.

Step 6

From the holly trees continue along the main path. On your right you will see the signs to the Rhody Ramble.

Rhododendrons

The rhododendrons here were part of the wild garden planted by Thomas Farrer of Abinger Hall in the 19th century. They have become very well established and we've cut paths through them to create room to play hide and seek. The purple flowers bloom in May. There are over 1,000 species of rhododendrons. They are native to Asia and America and were introduced into this country as exotic plants in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Step 7

From the Rhody Ramble marker return to the main path and continue walking to the west. As you come to the edge of an open area look up to see the tall Scots pine.

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)

This evergreen is one of just three conifers native to the UK. Mature trees grow to 35m and can live for up to 700 years. The needle-like leaves are blue-green and slightly twisted, growing in pairs on short side shoots. The scaly orange-brown bark develops plates and fissures with age. The female flowers are wind-pollinated, then turn green and develop into cones. They mature the following season, so there are always cones of different ages on the one tree. Interesting fact: the needles on young trees grow longer than those on older trees.

Step 8

Walk straight ahead across the open glade and follow the main path into another area of woodland, heading slightly uphill. You will come to a crossroads with a path with a fence on the right and an open view up to the Downs. Turn to the left and walk towards the large oaks.

Common rowan (Sorbus aucuparia)

Look carefully to spot the rowan trees between the oaks. Also known as mountain ash, rowan is a small tree found on mountains, heathland and in woodland edges, and is frequently planted in towns and gardens. The leaves are pinnate (like a feather) with five to eight pairs of leaflets, plus one 'terminal' leaflet at the end. Each leaflet is long, oval and toothed. The buds are distinctly purple and hairy, and after pollination by insects, they develop into scarlet red fruits, much-loved by birds. Interesting fact: rowan was once widely planted by houses as a protection against witches.

Step 9

Carry straight along the path bending left round the corner and heading slightly downhill. You'll come to an area of large veteran trees.

Step 10

As you stand by the veteran trees look up to the birch trees.

Birch trees

Can you spot the large knobbly growth on the birch tree? A burr usually forms over a wound, which may have been caused by anything – fungi, bacteria, a virus, insect activity, animal activity or weather. They don't cause any harm to the tree. Whatever wound originally caused the burr is usually healed over during the period of irregular growth, protecting the tree from any further damage.

Step 11

Walk forwards along the path and you will return to the open glade. Follow the path round to the right and on the right hand side of the path there are some young elm trees.

Elm trees

English elm dominated the British countryside landscape, but has been ravaged by Dutch elm disease since the 1960s. As the tree gets older it becomes more susceptible to the disease. Now you can only find young trees or shrubby trees in hedgerows. The leaves are round to oval with a rough, hairy surface. They have a characteristic asymmetrical base with a pointy tip. Pollinated by wind, the flowers develop into tiny winged fruits, known as samaras, which are dispersed by breezes. The bark is grey-brown, rough and fissured, often with suckers growing from the base of the trunk. Before metal was widely available, elm was used for water pipes in many English towns and also on the keels of ships.

Step 12

Follow the path round the bend to the left, leaving the path and sign to the Snowdrop Walk to the right-hand side.

Yew (Taxus bacata)

On your left you will see yew trees. Yew is an evergreen conifer that can reach 400–600 years of age. Some specimens live longer; 10 yews in Britain are believed to predate the 10th century, making them at least 1,000 years old. The leaves are straight, small needles with a pointed tip, and coloured dark green above and green-grey below. They grow in two rows on either side of each twig. Unlike many other conifers, the common yew does not actually bear its seeds in a cone. Instead, each seed is enclosed in a red, fleshy, berry-like structure known as an aril which is open at the tip. The bark is reddish-brown with purple tones, and peeling. Yew trees contain the highly poisonous taxane alkaloids that have been developed as anti-cancer drugs. Eating just a few leaves can make a small child severely ill and fatalities have occurred.

Step 13

From the yew tree, follow the path along an open glade with views to the south over the farmland of the Wootton estate. You will come to a fork in the path: take the right fork.

Sweet chestnut (castanea satvia)

The sweet chestnut is thought to have been introduced to the British Isles by the Romans but today can be found throughout Britain in woods and copses, especially in parts of southern England. The leaves are oblong and toothed with a pointed tip, and feature prominent parallel veins. After pollination by insects, female flowers develop into small, shiny, red-brown fruits wrapped in a green, spiky case. The bark is grey-purple and smooth, which develops impressive twisting vertical fissures with age. The Romans ground sweet chestnuts to make flour, and these are the chestnuts traditionally roasted for Christmas.

And open seedcase of the sweet chestnut on the woodland floor, showing the nuts inside. — A sweet chestnut seedcase on the woodland floor | © National Trust Images/Rob Hewer

Step 14

From the sweet chestnut glade, walk up the hill passing the well on your right. Continue to follow the path walking through lighter woodland and grassland and past some silver birch trees.

Silver Birch (Betula pendula)

This is a striking, medium-sized deciduous tree native throughout the UK and Europe. Light green, small and triangular-shaped leaves have a toothed edge, and fade from green to yellow in autumn. Silver birch is monoecious, meaning both male and female flowers (catkins) are found on the same tree, from April to May. Male catkins are long and yellow-brown in colour, and hang in groups of two to four at the tips of shoots, like lambs' tails. Female catkins are smaller, short, bright green and erect. The distinctive white bark sheds layers like tissue paper and becomes black and rugged at the base. As the trees mature, the bark develops dark, diamond-shaped fissures. Silver birch provides food and habitat for more than 300 insect species, making them a rich hunting ground for insect-eating birds.

Step 15

From the silver birch area follow the path and you will come out into the open area around the natural play area where there are a number of sycamore trees.

Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus)

Sycamore is a deciduous broadleaf tree native tree to central, eastern and southern Europe. It was probably introduced to the UK in the Middle Ages and is now a naturalised species. The palmate (hand-like) leaves have five lobes with characteristically red stems on younger trees. When the leaves are shed they leave horseshoe shaped marks called leaf scars on the stem. After pollination by wind and insects, female flowers develop into distinctive winged fruits known as samaras. In some parts of the UK the winged seeds are known as 'helicopters', and used in flying competitions and model-making by children.

Step 16

From the natural play area, follow the path back to the car park.

End point

National Trust car park, White Downs Lane, Abinger Hammer, RH5 6QS, grid ref: TQ110480

Trail map

Map showing the route of the Abinger Roughs tree trail — Map route for Abinger Roughs tree trail | © Crown copyright and database rights 2013 Ordnance Survey

View through an open gate, with the evening sun shining through the trees at Abinger Roughs.

Place

Abinger Roughs and Netley Park

Hidden woods with ancient trees and flower-sprinkled grasslands, just off the North Downs and Pilgrims Ways

A nuthatch sits amongst the thorny branches of a tree. A small bird with a peachy, orange belly, blue wing, head and back, and a black stripe across its eye and head.

Trail

Abinger Roughs nature walk

A 2-mile walk on Abinger Roughs that takes in some of the history – from the Stone Age to Charles Darwin – as well as the wildlife that currently calls the Roughs home.

View over the North Downs from Abinger Roughs and Netley Park, Surrey

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Abinger Roughs to Gomshall walking circuit

Enjoy this 6.2-mile walk from Abinger Roughs to the pretty village of Gomshall, taking in woodland, farmland and open countryside, plus a village pub and tea-rooms for a recharge.

Snowdrops in the foreground at the base of a tree trunk with recently trimmed hedging in the background

Trail

Abinger Roughs snowdrop walk

Enjoy this scenic early spring walk around Abinger Roughs, taking in the special snowdrop trail and glorious views over the surrounding countryside.

NT Car park on White Down Lane, Abinger Hammer, Surrey, RH5 6QS (nearest postcode)

01306640062

northdownswest@nationaltrust.org.uk

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Total steps: 16

Total steps: 16

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Trail map