Wildlife watching on Brownsea Island

Common lizard at Bickerton Hill, Cheshire — Common lizard | © National Trust Images/Phil Neagle

There is plenty of wildlife to see all year round on the island and things change with the seasons. Take a walk through the woodland or down to the lagoon, and don’t forget your binoculars.

Summer wildlife

The skies above Brownsea are filled with Sandwich and common tern flying in from Poole harbour with food for their young. Look out for the fluffy chicks on the islands in the lagoon. Dragonflies and damselflies are on the wing and can be seen in large numbers over the Dorset Wildlife Trust reserve. Oystercatchers have nested in the courtyard for the last two years, this year they have chosen the castle gardens. You may see the adult birds flying over the café area with food for their chicks.

Red squirrels are not as easy to spot in the summer months due to the thicker vegetation, they also tend to be more active during the cooler parts of the day, such as early morning or late evening, making them less visible during the day. However, if you have the time and patience to perch on a log in the woodlands behind the church you might get lucky. 🐿️

Birdwatching on the lagoon

Common and Sandwich terns nest on the specially-created gravel islands. A pair of avocet succesfully bred here in 2023 and there are several species of widlfowl on view, including teal and shelduck. Over 20,000 birds visit Poole Harbour each year to feed and roost. Brownsea Island is managed in partnership with Dorset Wildlife Trust who look after the northern part of the island, including the lagoon and surrounding wetland areas.

The various hides clustered around the edge of the lagoon offer a great perch to watch all the comings and goings of the various bird life. There is usually a volunteer in the first hide with a telescope attached to a screen, giving visitors some great close-up views of the birds.

A Sandwich tern hovering in the sky with food in it's beak — A Sandwich tern above Brownsea Lagoon | © National Trust/ Jess Dibden

Woodland and heathland residents

Out on the heathland, the well camouflaged, nocturnal nightjar returns from Africa. Any visitors staying overnight may be lucky enough to spot them flying at dusk. Listen out for the 'scratchy' call of the Dartford warbler, there are 3 pairs with young this summer and they can sometimes be seen perched on gorse bushes and heather. On warmer days lizards and the occasional snake can be seen basking in the sunshine.

Look out for butterlies and other insects flying through the woods and across the heath. Down on the ground wood ants can be seen marching to and from their large writhing anthills. A large variety of bee species feed on the heather and other wildflowers that grow on the island.

Please do not feed the squirrels

Please refrain from bringing food to the island for the squirrels. It's important for them to forage naturally, and excess food can attract rats. We appreciate your cooperation. Thank you

Red squirrels

Spotting seasonal behaviour

The red squirrel breeding season starts with mating chases in January, and a first litter of three to four babies, which are called kittens, is usually born in March. So you may be lucky enough to spot a young kit as they gain independence as the season goes on as they are weaned after 10 weeks, though some may remain in the drey until Autumn.
If a female squirrel gains sufficient food over the summer months, she will have a second litter in July/August. So if you spot a squirrel busily gathering leaves and climbing trees, it may be a new mum.
Much like our Scouting and Guiding friends on the island, a squirrel’s motto could well be, ‘be prepared’. Squirrels start stockpiling for winter early, so later in the summer and through autumn, you may catch a squirrel beginning the act of ‘scatter hoarding’. This is a process that splits the risk of losing their stash to another squirrel for example, by stashing their food in several scattered hordes. This may include seeds, nuts, tree bark, leaves, pinecones, buds, acorns, fungi, fruit, insects, and more.

A close up of a red squirrel on a branch on the floor of woodland on Brownsea Island, Dorset — A red squirrel exploring the woodland floor at Brownsea Island, Dorset | © National Trust Images/James Dobson

An endangered species

Red squirrels are an endangered species in the UK due to the loss of their woodland habitat and the introduction of the American grey squirrel.

While both species of squirrel have a similar role in the ecosystem in that they are small woodland mammals that spread the seeds of trees, red squirrels are a particularly important asset in the regeneration of pine woodlands. Reds are specially adapted to feed on the seeds in pine cones and greys tend to favour broadleaf woodland where many other animals can do the job of spreading the seeds, such as birds.

If red squirrels became extinct in the UK, it would not only have a negative impact on our pine woodland regeneration but we would also lose one of our most iconic native mammals.

When to see red squirrels on Brownsea

Red squirrels are most active in spring and autumn, so a visit during those seasons is the most likely to be rewarded with sightings. They're usually spotted during the quieter times of the day, so a good time to spot them is when we first open or later in the afternoon before we close. You could also stay overnight on the campsite and go red squirrel spotting when it’s quieter. Try your luck on the Woodland Walk and don't forget to look up, down and all around.

Where to see them

Red squirrels are most often found in the coniferous woodland areas, feasting on nuts and seeds, or you may find pine cones that have been nibbled, leaving what looks like a nibbled corn on the cob.

Squirrels have been spotted on the woodland walk, near the Church, either posing for photographers or leaping between the oaks. Another good place to try is by the feeders up by the Villa on the Dorset Wildlife Trust managed area.

Walk this way

The Woodland Walk offers a great feasting ground for squirrels, so you'll have a good chance of spotting some here, or in the Dorset Wildlife Trust area where it's a little quieter. Dorset Wildlife Trust manage the island’s wetland areas, including the internationally important lagoon habitat.

Accessing the Dorset Wildlife Trust area

The Dorset Wildlife Trust manage the lagoon and wetland areas and there is a suggested donation of £2 to enter this part of the island, which includes access to hides and admission to the Villa Wildlife Centre which has an exhibition, gift shop, toilets and a feeding station for red squirrels.

Live webcams installed by the Dorset Wildlife Trust and Birds of Poole Harbour offer the chance to watch the comings and goings live. Catch up with all the action here.