History of Bembridge Fort

Bembridge Fort and Culver Downs, Isle of Wight | © National Trust Images/John Millar

Find out more about this large Victorian fortress with commanding views of the English Channel. Known as a Palmerston Folly, it was built to protect the country against the threat of invasion.

A defensive position

The commanding position at the top of Bembridge Down could make you think that the fort had seen considerable combat in the past. But until the 20th century no guns or bullets had never been fired here in anger.

A Palmerston Folly

This formidable building is known as a Palmerston Folly, named after Prime Minister Palmerston, who worked during the reign of Queen Victoria. It was originally built as part of a chain of defences to protect against the threat of invasion. Luckily no invasion came and the forts and batteries were used for other purposes.

‘…a citadel has been commenced on the topmost crest of Bembridge Down...’

- The Hampshire Telegraph, 1862

The fort in the 20th century

The fort was used during both the first and second world wars when it was occupied by the Army, Navy and Royal Air Force. Following the war, the fort was abandoned and became heavily vandalised.

Coming into National Trust care

The fort came into our care in 1967 as part of our coast fundraising campaign, which aimed to save over 574 miles of coastline.

Bringing the fort back to life

Visitors who previously worked at the factory have shared stories of their time at the fort and we are still collecting stories from people who have a connection to this special place.

The interior of Bembridge Fort, Isle of Wight | © National Trust Images/John Millar

More history of the fort

1862–1880

The Victorian era at the fort

1862: Building begins on Bembridge Fort

The Yarborough Monument that occupied the site is moved and construction starts on the fort. It is intended to be a final retreat in the event of an invasion of the Isle of Wight.

1867: The fort is completed

At a cost of £48,925, the fort is finished.

1871: Regiments and brigades occupy the fort

Between 1871 and 1880, the fort is used by several different regiments and brigades, including the 103rd Regiment and the 7th Brigade Royal Artillery.

1880: Anti-submarine and anti-torpedo experiments

Between 1880 and 1900 two cables run from the fort out to sea. Any disturbance to the magnetic field between them is used to detect passing metallic objects.