We are building a National Trust Paint Sample Archive—a unique resource that combines physical samples with their digital scientific data and reports. This archive will be available to National Trust colleagues, academics, and external researchers, helping them study historic finishes minimising new sampling from fragile objects. Alongside the archive, we are assembling a specialist microscope kit for detailed paint analysis. To host this resource, we are carrying out a light-touch refurbishment of areas in the studio and revamping the visitor engagement space to share information about paint analysis and conservation science.
What is paint analysis?
Paint analysis is the scientific study of paint layers on an object or surface. Conservators use it to understand how something was made, how it has changed over time, and what materials were used. By taking tiny samples and examining them under a microscope, we can:
Identify pigments and binders (the ingredients of paint).
Reveal hidden layers from earlier designs or restorations.
Date and authenticate objects by comparing materials to historical techniques.
What is a paint sample?
A paint sample is a tiny piece of paint taken from an object or surface for scientific study. It usually includes all the layers of paint, from the surface down to the base, so conservators can see the full history of how something was painted.
Conservation science is the study of materials and techniques used in historic objects, buildings, and artworks to understand how they were made and how they change over time.
It combines science and heritage: using tools like microscopes, chemical analysis, and imaging to uncover hidden details, identify materials, and monitor deterioration. This knowledge helps conservators make informed decisions about how to preserve and protect cultural heritage for future generations.
Why do we need an archive?
An archive of paint samples is essential for preserving knowledge for the future. Each sample is a unique record of an object’s history—its materials, techniques, and changes over time.
By safeguarding these samples, we create a legacy resource that future researchers and conservators can study, even when the original object is no longer accessible.
The archive allows us to:
Protect fragile evidence: Samples are small but irreplaceable; storing them properly ensures they remain available for decades.
See the bigger picture: When samples are studied together, they reveal patterns across collections, regions, and time periods.
Support the National Trust’s mission: This resource connects individual objects to the wider story of historic interiors and craftsmanship, helping us care for properties in a consistent, informed way.
Yes! Keep an eye on the ROFCS website —we’ll share updates, opportunities to get involved, and guidance on how to request access if you are a researcher, heritage professional, or just have a general interest in colour, interiors and art history.
Preserving the past
From conserving historic works of art and delving into archaeology to supporting urban heritage and parks, find out about our vital conservation work.
Discover the history of this centuries-old building up to the present day, including the damaging fire of 1887 and its rebirth as the Royal Oak Foundation Conservation Studio.
